Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the western Balkans, has a rich and complex history that dates back to ancient times. The region was first inhabited by Illyrians, followed by Romans who left a lasting legacy. In the medieval period, Bosnia became a significant kingdom under the Kotromanić dynasty. The Ottoman Empire conquered Bosnia in the 15th century, introducing Islam and a unique blend of Eastern and Western cultural influences. After four centuries under Ottoman rule, Bosnia was annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the late 19th century. Following World War I, it became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1992, leading to a brutal conflict that lasted until 1995. The Dayton Agreement ended the war and established the current political structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina, fostering peace and stability in the region.